Validation of ADNEX and IOTA two-step strategy and estimation of risk of complications during follow-up of adnexal masses in low-risk population.

OBJECTIVES: The aim is to evaluate the ability of the Assessment of Different NEoplasias in the adneXa model (ADNEX) and the International Ovarian Tumour Analysis (IOTA) two-step strategy to predict malignancy in adnexal masses detected in an outpatient low-risk setting, and to estimate the risk of complications in masses with benign ultrasound morphology managed with clinical and ultrasound follow-up. METHODS: This single center (Hospital Universitari Dexeus Barcelona) study was performed using interim data of the ongoing prospective observational IOTA phase 5 study. The primary aim of the IOTA 5 study is to describe the cumulative incidence of complications during follow-up of adnexal masses classified as benign on ultrasound. Consecutive patients with adnexal masses detected between June 2012 and September 2016 in a private center offering screening for gynecological cancers were included and followed-up until February 2020. Tumors were classified as benign or malignant based on histology (if patients underwent surgery) or outcome of clinical and ultrasound follow-up at 12 (±2) months. Multiple imputation was used when follow-up information was uncertain. The ability of the ADNEX model without CA125 and of the IOTA two-step strategy to distinguish benign from malignant masses was evaluated retrospectively using the prospectively collected data. We describe performance as discrimination (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, AUC), calibration, classification (sensitivity and specificity) and clinical utility (Net Benefit). In the group of patients with a benign looking mass selected for conservative management we evaluated the occurrence of spontaneous resolution or any mass complication during the first 5 years of follow-up by assessing the cumulative incidence for malignancy, torsion, cyst rupture, or minor mass complications (inflammation, infection, or adhesions) and the time to occurrence of an event. RESULTS: A total of 2654 patients were recruited to the study. After application of exclusion criteria, 2039 patients with a newly detected mass were included for the model validation. 1684 (82.6%) masses were benign, 49 (2.4%) masses were malignant and for 306 (15.0%) masses the outcome was uncertain and imputed. The AUC was 0.95 (95% CI 0.89-0.98) for ADNEX and 0.94 (95% CI 0.88-0.97) for the two-step strategy. Calibration performance could not be meaningfully interpreted due to few malignancies resulting in very wide confidence intervals. The two-step strategy had better clinical utility than ADNEX at malignancy risk thresholds < 3%. 1472 (72%) patients had a mass judged to be benign based on pattern recognition by an experienced ultrasound examiner and were managed with clinical and ultrasound follow-up. In this group, the 5-year cumulative incidence was 66% for spontaneous resolution of the mass (95% CI 63-69), 0% for torsion (95%CI 0-0.002), 0.1% for cyst rupture (<0.1-0.6), 0.2% for a borderline tumor (<0.1-0.6), and 0.2% (0.1-0.6) for invasive malignancy. CONCLUSIONS: The ADNEX model and IOTA two-step strategy performed well to distinguish benign from malignant adnexal masses detected in a low-risk population. Conservative management is safe for masses with benign ultrasound appearance in such a population. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Abordaje fisioterápico de la tendinopatía rotuliana: revisión sistemática / Physiotherapeutic management of patellar tendinopathy: Sistematic review

Antecedentes y objetivos: La tendinopatía rotuliana es una lesión por sobreuso con dolor, engrosamiento y reducción de la función del tendón rotuliano como síntomas principales, como resultado de alteraciones histopatológicas provocadas por exceso de carga en la estructura tendinosa. En los últimos años se han empleado diferentes técnicas fisioterápicas para su tratamiento, cuya eficacia es puesta en duda por investigaciones recientes. La presente revisión tiene el objetivo de determinar los métodos de tratamiento fisioterápico más eficaces para el tratamiento de la tendinopatía rotuliana, tanto en el campo funcional como en el analgésico. Métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda en las bases de datos PubMed, Cochrane, SciELO y PEDro, con las palabras clave patellar tendinopathy en conjunto con treatment, physical therapy y rehabilitation. Se seleccionaron artículos en inglés o español, con antigüedad máxima de 10 años y evidencia mínima de 2a en la Escala del Centro para la medicina basada en la evidencia de Oxford. Resultados: Se analizaron 21 artículos acordes con los criterios de inclusión. Se evaluaron los efectos del ejercicio activo, electrolisis ecoguiada, hipertermia, vendaje, láser, ultrasonido, ondas de choque y masaje de fricción transversa. Conclusiones: La terapia más eficaz es el ejercicio activo, especialmente el ejercicio excéntrico. También resultan útiles para la mejora de la función del tejido la electrolisis ecoguiada y la hipertermia, y el vendaje para la disminución del dolor. Existe controversia acerca del uso de láser, ultrasonido y ondas de choque. El masaje de fricción transversa se considera de poca utilidad, tanto en el campo funcional como en el analgésico

Background and objectives: Patellar tendinopathy is an injury caused by overuse. Its main symptoms are pain, swelling, and a reduction in the functionality of the patellar tendon. These conditions are produced as result of a number of histopathological alterations caused by an overload in tendon structure. In the last few years, different physiotherapy techniques have been used for the treatment, but recent studies have called their efficacy into question. The present review aims to determine which of these treatment methods are more effective for this condition. Methods: An extensive search was performed in PubMed, Cochrane, SciELO, and PEDro databases using the keywords, patellar tendinopathy in combination with treatment, physical therapy/physiotherapy and rehabilitation. Papers were accepted that were written in English or Spanish, published during the last ten years, and with a minimum level of evidence of 2a according to the rules of the Oxford Centre of Evidence Based Medicine (CEBM). Results: A total of 21 papers were analysed according to inclusion criteria. Evaluations were made of the effects of interventions based on active exercise, ultrasound-guided electrolysis, hyperthermia, taping, laser, ultrasound, shockwave therapy, and transverse friction massage. Conclusions: Active exercise in general is the most effective therapy for this pathology, especially eccentric exercise. Ultrasound-guided electrolysis, hyperthermia and taping are also useful. There is controversy about the use of laser, ultrasound and shockwave therapies. Transverse friction massage is considered a therapy with limited effectiveness for the treatment of this pathology, according to the literature review performed

[Reliability and reproducibility of introcular pressure (IOP) measurement with the Icare® Home rebound tonometer (model TA022) and comparison with Goldmann applanation tonometer in glaucoma patients]. / Fiabilité et reproductibilité des mesures de la pression intraoculaire par le tonomètre Icare® Home (modèle TA022) et comparaison avec les mesures au tonomètre à aplanation de Goldmann chez des patients glaucomateux.

PURPOSE: The Icare® Home tonometer is a new rebound tonometer, developed for intraocular pressure (IOP) self-monitoring. The main objective of our study was to evaluate the reliability and reproducibility of measurements taken with the Icare® Home tonometer in glaucoma patients compared to the Goldmann applanation tonometer. A secondary objective was to investigate factors that could influence the reproducibility of these measurements. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty-two glaucoma patients were included in this prospective, non-randomized, monocentric study. IOP measurements were performed on the right eye and then on the left eye in the following order (3 measurements of IOP for each method): air tonometer (T-Air), Icare® Home tonometer by the patient (RT-P), Icare® Home tonometer by an ophthalmologist (RT-O), Goldmann applanation tonometer (GAT). RESULTS: Forty-four patients (85%) managed to take their IOP on both eyes with the Icare® Home tonometer. Mean IOPs were 14.35±3.93mmHg (T-Air), 13.43±4.65mmHg (RT-P), 14.13±4.29mmHg (RT-O), 14.74±3.84mmHg (GAT). The intraclass correlation indices (ICC) on the 3 repeated IOP measurements were 0.924, 0.872, 0.947 and 0.957, respectively. Bland-Altman analysis found a mean difference (bias) between GAT and RT-P, between GAT and RT-O, and between RT-O and RT-P, respectively, of 1.31, 0.61 and 0.70mmHg, with a 95% confidence interval of -3.34 to 5.96, -3.91 to 5.14 and -3.44 to 4.84mmHg, respectively. The reproducibility of the measurements taken with the Icare® Home tonometer did not vary according to corneal thickness or age of the patients. CONCLUSION: The Icare® Home tonometer provides reliable and reproducible IOP values in glaucoma patients, although it appears to slightly underestimate the IOP measurements compared to the Goldmann applanation tonometer.

Prevalencia de parásitos intestinales en una muestra de manipuladores de alimentos de una empresa estatal / Prevalence of Intestinal Parasites in a Sample of Food Handlers at a State Enterprise

Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo determinar la prevalencia de parásitos intestinales en manipuladores de alimentos de varios comedores de PDVSA; que acudieron en solicitud del certificado de salud en clínicas de PDVSA, ubicadas en la Costa Oriental del Lago. Se analizaron 166 muestras de heces, por métodos coproparasitológicos: evaluación microscópica en solución salina fisiológica al 0,85%, lugol y técnica de Ritchie. La prevalencia de enteroparásitos fue de 25,90% (43/166). Del porcentaje de parasitados 17,47% correspondió al grupo de 20 a 40 años y 8,43% al grupo mayores de 40 años. No se observó diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre edad y frecuencia de parasitosis intestinal (Chi²= 0,539; P >0,05). De acuerdo al sexo, del porcentaje casos parasitados; 15,66% correspondieron al sexo masculino y 10,24% al sexo femenino (Chi²= 0,016; P >0,05). Solo se identificaron protozoarios, destacándose Blastocystis sp. con 83,72%. El presente estudio demostró que los manipuladores de alimentos estuvieron infectados por protozoarios entéricos, la prevalencia detectada es similar a otros estudios en poblaciones parecidas.

The objective of this research was to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasites in food handlers at several PDVSA dining rooms, who requested a health certificate at PDVSA clinics on the East Lake Coast. One-hundred sixty-six stool samples were analyzed using parasitological methods: microscopic evaluation in physiological saline solution at 0.85%, Lugol’s solution and the Ritchie method. The prevalence of intestinal parasites was 25.90% (43/166). Of those who had parasites, 17.47% corresponded to the group of 20 to 40 years old and 8.43% to the group of 40 years or older. No statistically significant difference was observed between age and frequency of intestinal parasitosis (Chi² = 0.539, P> 0.05). According to sex, 15.66% of the parasitized cases were male and 10.24% female (Chi² = 0.016, P> 0.05). Only protozoa were identified, highlighting Blastocystis sp. with 83.72%. This study showed that food handlers were infected with enteric protozoa. The detected prevalence is similar to other studies in similar populations.

[Gonococcal conjunctivitis in a young woman]. / Conjonctivite à gonocoque chez une jeune adulte.

We describe the management of a female patient who developed an uncomplicated unilateral purulent conjunctivitis with no other clinical signs. The typical clinical presentation and Gram stain of the discharge suggested gonococcal conjunctivitis, allowing treatment to be initiated. Indeed, a strain of Neisseria gonorrhoeae resistant to penicillin and tetracycline was isolated. In collaboration with the patient's primary care physician, management included lavage of the infected eye, systemic antibiotic treatment with erythromycin and topical antibiotic treatment with azithromycin, followed by local steroid treatment in response to persistent hyperemia, which was discontinued and replaced by azithromycin again because of recurrent discharge. Eleven days after the first consultation, a complete cure was achieved without sequelae, and a final check to rule out a residual gonococcal carrier state is planned. Gonococcal conjunctivitis, a diagnostic and therapeutic emergency, is a potentially blinding sexually transmitted disease with which general practitioners and ophthalmologists are not well aquainted. Although rare in developed countries, its incidence is rising in parallel with the global recrudescence of gonococcal infections. This case of gonococcal conjunctivitis is discussed as a review of the clinical and biological elements necessary for diagnosis and therapeutic management, which must occur as early as possible, taking into account rapidly increasing gonococcal resistance to antimicrobial therapies, so as to interrupt spread of the disease.

Obesidad: ¿es una realidad en Venezuela?: epidemiología: pandemia del siglo XXI / Obesity: ¿is it a reality in Venezuela?: epidemiology:ç

La obesidad es una de las afeccines metabólicas más frecuentes en la actualidad. Más de mil millones de personas padecen obesidad o sobrepeso en todo el mundo. Además de las acumulación adiposa, su elevada morbi-mortalidad la convierten en uno de los principales problemas de salud a los que enfrenta la sociedad actual. Se estudia la obesidad, su definición. clasificación y el síndrome metabólco. En Venezuela se han publicado cuatro estudios de prevalencia del síndrome metabólico: Estado Zulia (2001), Gran Caracas, incluyendo los Estados Miranday Vargas (2006), Estado Lara (2007) y Estado Mérida (2007). El Estado Zulia tiene el mayor número de sujetos estudiados, 3.018, con cuatro grupos étnicos diferentes, seguidos de Caracas con 658, Lara y Mérida con 339 y 118 respectivamente. La participación de hombres siempre fue menor en todas las investigaciones. En el Estado Zulia se usó el estudio ATP III (2001), mientras que en las otras se utilizó el modificado de 2005 y el de la Federación Internacional de Diabetes. Los hallazgos arrojan unas cifras globales de promedio de 33,7% con LC 95% entre 32,3%-35,2% para adultos. Se encontraron diferencias importantes entre grupos de edad y sexo. En Venezuela, en el Estado Vargas (nivel del mar), en casi 2.500 madres, el sobrepeso alcanzó 31,4% y la obesidad 16,6%, aumentando con la edad; para los 30 años el sobrepeso llegó al 34,1% y la obesidad a 23,4% y los hijos de madres obesas, mostraron un sobre peso en todas las edades de un 23% a 35%. En el Área Metropolitana de Caracas (1000 m sobre nivel del mar), en las mujeres, el sobre-peso alcanzó 31% y la obesidad 14,6%. Los hombres presentaron un 40% de sobrepeso y 6,2% de obesidad aumentando con la edad. Con respecto a la obesidad en los niños y adolescentes en un total de 17.791 entre 7 y 14 años con sobre peso evaluados, se encontró 19,31% por encima del percentil 90. En el Distrito Capital a 23,26% que fue el valor más alto...

Obesity is one of the common metabolic diseases today. More than one billion people suffer from obesity or overweight worldwide. In addition to the fat accumulation, the high morbidity and mortality make it one of the major health problems facing the society. Obesity are studied. Their definition, classification and the metabolic syndrome. Venezuela has published four studies on the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome: state of Zulia (2001). Greater Caracas, including the states of Miranda and Vargas (2006). Lara State (2007) and Mérida (2007). Zulia state has the larges number of subjects studied, 3018. with four different ethnic groups, followed by Caracas with 658, Lara and Mérida with 339 and 118 respectively. The participation of men was always lower in all investigation. In Zulia state will use the ATP III study (2001), while in the other used the modified 2005 and the International Diabetes Federation version was used. The overall prevalence was 33.7% with 95% confidence limits (CL) 32.3% to 35.2% for adults. Important differences were found between age groups and sex. In Venezuela, in Vargas (sea level) in almost 2.500 mothers reached 31.4% overweight and obesity 16.6%, increasing with age, to 30 years., reached a 34.1% overweight and obesity and 23.4% and obese mothers showed an overweight in all age groups from 23% to 35%. In the metropolitan area of Caracas (1000 ms above sea level), in women, overweight reached 31% and obesity 14.6%. In men they had 40.6% of overweight and obesity 6.2% respectively, increasing age. With respect to obesity in children and adolescent in a total of 17.791 between 7 and 14 years evaluated overweight. 19.31% were found above the 90th percentile. In the Capital District amounted to 23.26% which was the highest value. Et the end of the paper we focus on the treatment of obesity and morbid obesity

Parasitosis intestinales y factores de riesgo en niños: ambulatorio urbano tipo II Dr. Agustín Zubillaga. Barquisimeto-Lara / Intestinal parasitosis and risk factors in children: urban ambulatory tipe II Dr. Augustine Zubillaga. Barquisimeto, Lara

La posible asociación de las parasitosis intestinales con la pobreza y el saneamiento ambiental insuficiente, hacen necesario estudiar la prevalencia de este hecho en un barrio pobre de la ciudad de Barquisimeto, Venezuela. Determinar la frecuencia de parasitosis intestinales y factores de riesgo en niños de 1 a 12 años, de una zona pobre de Barquisimeto, Venezuela, área de influencia del Ambulatorio Urbano Tipo II “Dr. Agustín Zubillaga”. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal, con muestra no probabilística por conveniencia (114 niños llevados a la consulta externa del ambulatorio). Previo consentimiento informado, se realizó una entrevista y se solicitó una muestra de heces para examen directo y concentrado. Se calcularon porcentajes, proporciones, Chi cuadrado y t de Student, con intervalo de confianza de 95%. Se obtuvieron 28,9% parasitados, predominando en preescolares (33,3%), sin diferencia según sexo. Los agentes causales encontrados fueronBlastocystis hominis (22,8%), Entamoeba histolytica (5,3%), Giardia lamblia (4,4%) y Ascaris lumbricoides (1,8%). El predominio de protozoarios sobre helmintos podría deberse al uso de antihelmínticos indicados por pediatras como profilaxis y los padres por automedicación. Se encontróEndolimax nana en 11,4%, lo que es indicador de fecalismo. Se encontró asociación entre parasitosis intestinales y hacinamiento (40,5%), no así con otros factores considerados de riesgo, lo que quizás se deba a la homogeneidad de tales factores en dicha comunidad. Se concluye que hay una prevalencia considerable de parasitosis intestinales a expensas de Blastocystis hominis, asociada especialmente con el hacinamiento

The possible association of intestinal parasitism with poverty and insufficient environmental sanitation motivates the study of the prevalence of this fact in a poor neighborhood of Barquisimeto, Venezuela. To determine the frequency of intestinal parasitism and risk factors in children of 1 to 12 years of a poor zone of Barquisimeto, Venezuela, influence area of “Dr. Agustín Zubillaga” Type II Urban Ambulatory. A cross-sectional descriptive study was performed, with a non probabilistic by convenience sample (114 children attending the outpatient clinic of the ambulatory center). An informed consent was obtained, an interview was performed and a fecal specimenwas obtained for direct and concentrate analysis. Percentages, proportions, Chi square and t Student, with 95% statistical confidence interval were calculated. 28,9% of the children were parasited, predominating in pre-school age (33,3%) without sex predominance.Blastocystis hominis (22,8%), Entamoeba histolytica (5,3%), Giardia lamblia (4,4%) and Ascaris lumbricoides(1,8%) were identified. Predominance of protozoan over helminthes could be due to the use of antihelminthics prescribed by pediatricians as prophylaxis and by parents as self-medication. Endolimax nana was demonstrated in 11,4%, which suggests fecalism. Association between intestinal parasitism and overcrowding was found in 40,5% of cases, but not with other factors considered of risk, perhaps due to the homogeneity of these factors in this community. In conclusion, there is a considerable prevalence of intestinal parasitism at the expense of Blastocystis hominis, associated especially with overcrowding

[Chronic idiopathic lithoptysis]. / Litoptisis crónica idiopática.

Broncholiths, which usually arise from calcified peribronchial lymph nodes, can be found by radiography or bronchoscopy. We describe the case of a 19-year-old man who had experienced lithoptysis of bronchial hydroxyapatite calculi for over 6 months and who reported having sandy expectoration since childhood. Exhaustive clinical, radiographic, and endoscopic diagnostic studies detected no calcified lesions in the thorax that could explain the origin of the broncholiths. Therefore, we propose that broncholiths may form by mechanisms similar to those involved in calculi formation in other locations.

Litoptisis crónica idiopática / Chronic idiopathic lithoptysis

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